---

Hello! I'm Bruce Eckel, and I have worked with Chuck Allison to bring you this Flash™-based seminar, which is being published by my company, MindView, LLC, as a way to prepare you for the following Prentice Hall books:

Thinking in C is also excellent preparation for the Hands-On Java eSeminar:

Chuck and I believe that this learning experience will provide you with great value on your educational journey.

This seminar will give you a background in the fundamentals of C, to prepare you to move into Java, C++ or other languages based on C syntax. You'll also find it useful if you would just like an introduction to C.

Please note that we are assuming you have already written at least a few small programs in some programming language. You might still get value from the seminar if you've never programmed before, but that could require some extra effort at the beginning. You'll know by the end of the first lecture and exercises.

All the lectures in the seminar are self-explanatory, and the first one describes what to expect throughout the course.

This seminar is licensed under the Creative Commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5" license, which means that you may freely distribute the entire Thinking in C package as long as you give attribution to the authors, but you may not sell it or modify it or distribute a subset. See the link above for more detail.

---

Clicking on the "Start Lecture" link for each chapter or solution will open a web page containing various Flash components. You can resize your browser window and the components will resize themselves to fit.

If you do nothing, the first slide will load and the narration will play, then the next slide, etc., until the lecture is complete. After the last slide finishes you will automatically be returned to this page.

On the left you'll see a list of slide titles; clicking on any title will take you to that slide and begin playing the narration.

On the bottom you'll see a progress bar with an indicator showing how far the narration has progressed. If you hover your mouse over the bar it will expand into a controller that allows you to move the narration forward or backward, and to adjust the sound level.

The last title in the list of slide titles is named "Return to Index." Clicking on that title will return you to this home page at any time. You'll also return to this home page automatically after the narration on the last slide finishes.

---

Start Lecture

This chapter gives the context for the course (including your expected level of programming) and clarifies course objectives (that is: to find the shortest, most effective path to Java and C++). We take a first look at C programming by examining statements, comments, include files, and standard Input/Output (I/O).

---

Compile and execute two sample programs. (A full description is given at the end of the Chapter 1 lecture). You may need to refer to the compilers section to find and install the appropriate C compiler.

Here are the source-code files for the exercises (use these as a starting point for solving the exercises): first.c avg.c

Start Lecture

Here is the file showing the output of the exercises: avg.out

---

Start Lecture

Like most languages, C has two flavors of numeric data types: integers and real numbers. Unlike many languages, they come in a number of different sizes. This chapter explores the limits and behavior of C's built-in types and explains conversions from one type to another, both implicit and explicit (i.e., with casting).

---

In this exercise you will learn to round to the nearest integer. (A full description is given at the end of the Chapter 2 lecture.)

Here are the source-code files for the exercises (use these as a starting point for solving the exercises): float.c limits.c missing.c

Start Lecture

Here is the source-code file for the exercise solution: lab2.c

---

Start Lecture

C has more operators than many languages. Most of these operators are binary, some are unary, and there's even a ternary operator. Since C is—among other things—a systems language, some operators access features close to the machine. In this chapter we cover all but five operators (those five are covered in later chapters). You'll also see the way operators work together.

---

In this exercise you'll learn to test the parity (i.e., even-ness/odd-ness) of input numbers. (A full description is given at the end of the Chapter 3 lecture.)

Here is the source-code file for the exercise (use this as a starting point for solving the exercise): bitwise.c

Start Lecture

Here is the source-code file for the exercise solution: lab3.c

---

Start Lecture

In 1968 a pair of mathematicians proved that all algorithms could be expressed by three simple mechanisms, coupled with an arbitrary number of boolean (logical) flags:

1. Sequences of statements
2. Decision-making
3. Repetition

This chapter shows how to use these in C, and then some.

---

In this exercise, you will repeat the exercise from Chapter 3 on an arbitrarily large number of integers. (A full description is given at the end of the Chapter 4 lecture.)

Here are the source-code files for the exercises (use these as a starting point for solving the exercises): age.c age2.c branch.c

Start Lecture

Here are the source-code files for the exercise solutions: lab4.c lab4a.c

---

Start Lecture

You can only go so far with numbers. Programming gets more interesting when you create compound data types from simpler ones. This chapter discusses arrays (in all dimensions!), illustrates text processing with character strings, and shows you how to create compound data types of your own.

---

In this exercise you will create and process a collection of employee records. (A full description is given at the end of the Chapter 5 lecture.)

Here are the source-code files for the exercises (use these as a starting point for solving the exercises): 2d.c 3d.c 3d2.c reverse.c strings.c struct.c struct2.c

Start Lecture

Here is the source-code file for the exercise solution: lab5.c

---

Start Lecture

Functions are the building blocks of real-world C programs. Here you'll learn about value semantics, the void type, function prototypes, and the scope (visible region) of identifiers. You'll also come to understand storage class, modularity, and information hiding, which is a key principle of object-oriented programming.

---

In this exercise you will divide the "employee" program into modules, separating interface from implementation. (A full description is given at the end of the Chapter 6 lecture.)

Here are the source-code files for the exercises (use these as a starting point for solving the exercises): employee.h file1.c file2.c fun1.c fun2.c fun3.c lab6.c scope.c stack.c stack.h static.c tstack.c

Start Lecture

Here are the source-code files for the exercise solutions: employee.c employee.h lab6.c

---

Start Lecture

Pointers are essential for effective systems programming and for implementing complex objects in C++. But if you're going on to Java, you don't need all that machinery. However, you do need some basics because even Java uses pointers (but in a much more restricted way). This chapter gives a minimal coverage of pointers so you can move on to Java: indirection, reference semantics, and using the heap (dynamic memory).

---

In this exercise, you will modify the employee program to handle dynamic employee records. (A full description is given at the end of the Chapter 7 lecture.)

Here are the source-code files for the exercises (use these as a starting point for solving the exercises):

echo.c employ2.h indirect.c lab7.c reverse2.c structarg.c swap.c

Start Lecture

Here are the source-code files for the exercise solutions: employ2.c employ2.h lab7.c

---

Start Lecture

You made it! If you're not interested in C++, this is your final stop. Here we look at how Java programs are written and built, and more importantly, how the Java Runtime Environment works. We also look at control flow and how to create objects and arrays.

---

In this exercise you will implement a simple Stack class (first seen in Chapter 7) using Java. (A full description is given at the end of the Chapter 8a lecture.) You may need to refer to the compilers section to find and install the appropriate Java compiler.

Here are the source-code files for the exercises (use these as a starting point for solving the exercises): Array1.java Array2.java Array3.java Average.java Employee.java Hello.java Label.java Limits.java

Start Lecture

Here is the source-code file for the exercise solution: Stack.java

---

Start Lecture

If you're planning to tackle C++, you're not done yet! First you must become familiar with multiple levels of pointer indirection, pointer arithmetic, making objects read-only via const, generic pointers (void*), and the relationship pointers have with arrays and functions.

---

In this exercise, you will:

1. Write a function that inspects any object.
2. Totally hide the Employee implementation in an incomplete type.
3. Define and use a pointer within a 4-dimensional array (optional, but recommended!).

(A full description is given at the end of the Chapter 8b lecture.)

Here are the source-code files for the exercises (use these as a starting point for solving the exercises): bitwise2.c fptr.c fptr2.c parith.c parray.c pptr.c qsort.c stack8b.c stack8b.h ulimits.c

Start Lecture

Here are the source-code files for the exercise solutions: employ2.c employ2.h lab8-1.c lab8-2.c lab8-3.c

---

Start Lecture

This chapter explains key differences between C and C++, and takes you through three essential C++ features:

1. Type safety
2. Classes
3. Templates

Also covered are IOStreams and the free store operators new and delete.

---

In this exercise, you will implement a complete Employee class. (A full description is given at the end of the Chapter 9b lecture.) You may need to refer to the compilers section to find and install the appropriate C++ compiler.

Here are the source-code files for the exercises (use these as a starting point for solving the exercises): hello.cpp intstack.cpp intstack.h stack9b.h tintstack.cpp tstack9b.cpp

Start Lecture

Here are the source-code files for the exercise solutions: employee.cpp employee.h lab9.cpp

---

Now that you have a foundation in C, you're ready to move on to your new language of choice: C++ or Java. MindView, LLC has more resources available for you to learn these languages, including eSeminars like this one, and Bruce Eckel's award-winning books Thinking in C++ and Thinking in Java (the first through third editions of Thinking in Java are available as free electronic downloads).

Bruce Eckel also provides consulting and technical events on various topics, which you can learn about by visiting the MindView, LLC Web site.

---

The hyperlinks shown above for all the files in each chapter connect to HTML files which can be cut and pasted directly from your browser into your editor or compiling environment. This is a bit tedious, but it works.

All the code files are also available in under the subdirectory called code, where you will find a subdirectory for each chapter (this is the same directory where that chapter's HTML files are stored).

---

To compile this seminar's code for the examples, exercises and solutions, you will need to acquire and install compilers for C, C++ and Java.

Keep in mind that the installation and use of free compilers can sometimes be more complex than for those that you purchase, so be ready to roll up your sleeves and struggle a bit to get them going the first time (unfortunately, we are unable to provide support assistance with compiler installations. Please refer to the site where you downloaded the compiler or to the compiler vendor for such support).

C & C++: There are a number of different C and C++ compilers that are freely-available on the Internet (A C++ compiler will be fine for compiling C code). You can go to your favorite Web search engine, such as Google, and look for "Free C++ Compilers" or something similar.

For Windows, Microsoft provides a free package which is very current and well-maintained: Visual Studio Express, and this includes a C++ compiler. For a free/open-source option, The 32-bit DOS/Windows version of the GNU g++ compiler comes as part of Cygwin (this is especially helpful if you're used to Unix/Linux).

Both the Apple Macintosh and Linux come with gcc (the Gnu C++ compiler) preinstalled. Just type gcc at a command prompt to see the options.

Java: Download and install the free JDK Java compilation system from Oracle. It's the standard and has lots of documentation with it, in HTML form (the documentation is a separate download, from the same site).

---

Send .

---

Course development, slide creation and recording: Chuck Allison, www.FreshSources.com.

Sound Engineering: Sharlynn Cobaugh

Production: Bruce Eckel

Graphic Design: Daniel Will-Harris

Thanks to the folks at Macromedia/Adobe, for creating Flex, FlexBuilder, and providing me with technical support.